What does 'electrode negative' refer to in welding?

In welding, 'electrode negative' refers to a situation where the electrode is connected to the negative terminal of the welding power supply. This configuration is also known as reverse polarity. When using an electrode negative setup, a greater proportion of the heat is generated at the workpiece rather than the electrode. This allows for a more concentrated heat source, resulting in deeper penetration into the base metal and often providing a better weld for thinner materials or specific applications.

This method can enhance the welding process by producing a stable arc and reducing the sputtering of molten metal. It is particularly useful in processes like gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) where precise control over the heat input is crucial. In the context of this question, recognizing 'electrode negative' as reverse polarity is essential as it directly affects the welding characteristics and outcomes.

Understanding the polarity used in a welding operation helps in selecting the right equipment settings and improves the quality of welding results, which is critical in achieving proper fusion and structural integrity in welded joints.